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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aly-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sky 2 to clear up (of sky)face="Times New Roman Star"1 небо 2 проясняться (о небе)face="Times New Roman Star"qalyq (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"(ko"k) qalyq 1 (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"? jъl- 'to shine, glitter'face="Times New Roman Star"kilej-xalaj 'shining', xalyn- 2, xalla:n 'clear sky, good weather'face="Times New Roman Star"kalla:n 1











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, Лексика 60-61, Stachowski 135.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KArsakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"steppe foxface="Times New Roman Star"степная лисаface="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaqface="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (IM, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rso|q


face="Times New Roman Star"Garsaq








face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaqface="Times New Roman Star"qarsaqface="Times New Roman Star"qarsaqface="Times New Roman Star"qarhaq


face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 313, Лексика 161, TMN 3, 442.
face="Times New Roman Star"*[g]e.ntu" (-nd-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"self, himselfface="Times New Roman Star"самface="Times New Roman Star"kentu" (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kendu" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kendi, dial. gendu"




face="Times New Roman Star"gendi





face="Times New Roman Star"kini 'he'face="Times New Roman Star"gini 'he', gien 'own'











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 728-729, ЭСТЯ 5, 38-39, Убрятова 1953, Ra"sa"nen 1957, 18, Stachowski 86.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"foot, shinface="Times New Roman Star"нога, голень

face="Times New Roman Star"kyc? 'foot, shin; coccyx, behind'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qys 'камус'

face="Times New Roman Star"xys/ 'back, behind'face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s berbe:kej 'щиколотка, лодыжка' (?)







face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?



face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 281, ЭСТЯ 6, 252-253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ramface="Times New Roman Star"баранface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar, qoc?un|ar (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?n|ar (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koc?, koc?karface="Times New Roman Star"quc?qar (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|c? (dial.), qo.c?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qa(r), qos?qa(r)face="Times New Roman Star"quz?g|arface="Times New Roman Star"Goc?face="Times New Roman Star"Goc?, Goc?Gar

face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qorface="Times New Roman Star"Goc?


face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar
face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qorface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qus?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qocxarface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar, qoc?xarface="Times New Roman Star"g|os?, qos?qarface="Times New Roman Star"qos?qor, qos?qurface="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qarface="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ЭСТЯ 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912; Russ. dial. koc?ko/r, koc?ka/r/, see Аникин 308, 309.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ben|iface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"joy, pleasureface="Times New Roman Star"радость, удовольствиеface="Times New Roman Star"ben|i, men|iface="Times New Roman Star"men|i (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 348, Лексика 195 (sub 'brain').
face="Times New Roman Star"*omur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shoulderface="Times New Roman Star"плечо

face="Times New Roman Star"omuz
face="Times New Roman Star"omuz (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.miz


face="Times New Roman Star"omuz



face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|mъw|r







face="Times New Roman Star"omuz
face="Times New Roman Star"omuz

face="Times New Roman Star"omuzface="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 453-455, Лексика 240.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":l/ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of camelface="Times New Roman Star"верблюжонок

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ek, go"s?ek (dial.), go"lu"k 'cub'
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ek (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s?ek (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?a"kface="Times New Roman Star"ko":s?ek



face="Times New Roman Star" > Hung. ko"lyo"k (see Gombocz 1912)






face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"ke|j 'calf'


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ek (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kile|j (dial.) 'cub'face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 126-127.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ubutface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 shame 2 to be ashamedface="Times New Roman Star"1 стыд 2 стыдитьсяface="Times New Roman Star"ubut (Orkh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"uvut (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ut, -du 1, ut-an- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"uvat, ubat 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ut-an- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ut-an- 2













face="Times New Roman Star"ut-an- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 561-563.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"rs, *o"rsenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 river, river bed 2 to flowface="Times New Roman Star"1 река, русло реки 2 течь
face="Times New Roman Star"o"zen (AH) 1





face="Times New Roman Star"o"z- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"zen 1



face="Times New Roman Star"vazan 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"s 1












face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 510-511.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to scratch, scrape 2 to knead, press 3 to grind, crush 4 to soak, dilute 5 to rub, smearface="Times New Roman Star"1 скрести, царапать 2 разминать, давить 3 толочь, растирать 4 мочить, разжижать 5 растирать, обмазывать
face="Times New Roman Star"ez- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"iz- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) 5face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"a"z- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"a"z- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 4


face="Times New Roman Star"a"z- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ir- 2, 4



face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2face="Times New Roman Star"id|- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 279, ЭСТЯ 1, 235-236, Егоров 71, Федотов 1, 170.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAmarface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sack, saddle pack 2 big wooden vesselface="Times New Roman Star"1 вьючный мешок 2 большой деревянный сосуд



face="Times New Roman Star"samar 1 (Pav. C.)









face="Times New Roman Star"ampara 'налуч (колчан)' (Пек.) ?



face="Times New Roman Star"samar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"hamar 2


face="Times New Roman Star"samar 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"dface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"timeface="Times New Roman Star"времяface="Times New Roman Star"o"d (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"d|(leg) (MK), o"d|leg (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"o"jle 'midday'face="Times New Roman Star"o"jle| 'midday'face="Times New Roman Star"o"j (IM), o"jle 'midday'


face="Times New Roman Star"o"jla" 'midday'face="Times New Roman Star"o"jle 'midday'

face="Times New Roman Star"o"j
face="Times New Roman Star"vara 'later'





face="Times New Roman Star"u"jle| 'midday'


face="Times New Roman Star"u"jle| 'midday'


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 35-36, 56, ЭСТЯ 1, 516-517, VEWT 368, Лексика 68-69. Turk. > Hung. ido? (< *o"d-eg), see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 1, 189.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"kc?eface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"heelface="Times New Roman Star"пятка, каблук

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?eface="Times New Roman Star"u"kc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?e (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.kc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?a"

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kz?|e






face="Times New Roman Star"e:z?|ek
face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?o"face="Times New Roman Star"o"ks?eface="Times New Roman Star"o"ks?eface="Times New Roman Star"u"ksa"
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"kc?a"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kc?eface="Times New Roman Star"o"ks?e

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 520-521.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tik-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hate, fearface="Times New Roman Star"ненавидеть, бояться

face="Times New Roman Star"tiksin-




face="Times New Roman Star"diksin-face="Times New Roman Star"tiksin-








face="Times New Roman Star"tikiren|de- 'to assault viciously'face="Times New Roman Star"tik-baqaj 'stubborn, violent', tikiren|de- id.

face="Times New Roman Star"tiklik 'tension (of relations)'




face="Times New Roman Star"Somewhat unclear voicing in Az. See Дыбо 1991.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?eknface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"part of shoulder between the neck and shoulderbladeface="Times New Roman Star"часть плеча между шеей и лопаткойface="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekin, dial. c?eg|in, c?eg|n
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin (Abush., Sangl.)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?ijinface="Times New Roman Star"c?igin


face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:nface="Times New Roman Star"s/an 'body'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 415, VEWT 103, Дыбо 129-130, Лексика 238-239 (see there about details of phonetic reconstruction).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sedre-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be rare, have wide intervals 2 gappy, rare, perforatedface="Times New Roman Star"1 быть редким, с широкими промежутками 2 редкий, дырявыйface="Times New Roman Star"sedrek 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sed|re- 1, sed|rek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"sira"- 1 (dial.) , sira"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"sijra"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"sira"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sejra"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"sajra 2



face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"si>re- 1, si>jrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"si>jrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"hira"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"si:rek 2face="Times New Roman Star"serek 2face="Times New Roman Star"si>jrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"serex 2face="Times New Roman Star"sijrek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 802, VEWT 407.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o:pur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rough, uneven groundface="Times New Roman Star"возвышение, неровность почвы
face="Times New Roman Star"opuz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"obuz





face="Times New Roman Star"o:bur 'precipice'


















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 17. Cf. also Chuv. juba 'pillar' (in particular, 'grave pillar') - unlike other forms like Khak. oba:, hardly borrowed from Mong. obug|a.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o:paface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"village, clanface="Times New Roman Star"деревня, род
face="Times New Roman Star"oba (MK Oghuz)

face="Times New Roman Star"oba



face="Times New Roman Star"o:ba


















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, ЭСТЯ 1, 400-401.
face="Times New Roman Star"*irk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to gatherface="Times New Roman Star"собирать(ся)
face="Times New Roman Star"irk- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"irk-
face="Times New Roman Star"irk- (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"irik- (dial.)








face="Times New Roman Star"irk-il-face="Times New Roman Star"irk-







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 221, ЭСТЯ 1, 378-379.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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